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~ 4000 BC
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Egyptians learned to irrigate their fields, formed governments, and created belief systems
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~ 3500-~ 3000 BC
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Papyrus begins to be used in Egypt
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~ 3300 BC
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Upper and Lower Egypt have their own kings
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~ 3100 BC
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Menes (Narmer) defeats the king of Lower Egypt, becomes Lord of the Two Lands; first dynasty begins
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~ 3000 BC
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Hieroglyphic writing is invented
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2686-2181 BC
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OLD KINGDOM; the pyramids are built
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~ 2650 BC
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Zoser (Djoser) transfers capital to Memphis; Imhotep builds Step Pyramid for him at Saqqara
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~ 2575-~ 2465 BC
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Sneferu builds the Pyramid of Meidum, the Bent Pyramid at Dashur, the Red Pyramid
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2575-2551 BC
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Sneferu rules
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2551-2528 BC
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Khufu (Cheops) rules and builds the Great Pyramid
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2520-2494 BC
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Khafre (Chephren) rules Egypt; builds second pyramid at Giza and Great Sphinx
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2055-1650 BC
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MIDDLE KINGDOM; Egypt achieved greatly in literature, art, and architecture
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~ 1991 BC
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King Amenemhet I and his successors increase Egypt's power
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1570-1070 BC
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NEW KINGDOM; Egypt conquers other nations and builds an empire
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~ 1567-1320 BC
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XVIII Dynasty; Amenhotep I; Book of the Dead begins to be placed in tombs
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~ 1500 BC
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Oldest scientific document known to exist is written
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1512-1500 BC
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Thutmose I rules (Hatshepsut's father)
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1490-1469 BC
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Hatshepsut rules (with Thutmose II, then as regent for Thutmose III)
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1490-1436 BC
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Thutmose III rules (step-son/nephew of Hatshepsut)
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~ 1482 BC
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Thutmose III builds a great empire
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1353-1335 BC
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Amenhotep IV / Akhenaten rules Egypt; Capital
moves to Tel-el Amarna; the Amarna period
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1333-1323 BC
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Tutankhamun rules
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1323-1319 BC
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Aye (Ay) rules
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1306-1290 BC
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Seti I rules Egypt and strengthens the empire
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1290BC-1224 BC
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Ramses II rules
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~ 1070 BC
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Egypt falls into decline
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~ 750BC- ~ 654 BC
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Napata the capital of Kush
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~ 750 BC
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Kashta conquers Upper Egypt and capital city of Thebes
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~ 700 BC
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Piankhy conquers the Nile Delta and Memphis, and finally all of Lower Egypt
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671 BC
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Assyria strongest power in the Middle East
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654 BC
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Assyrian troops expel the Kushites from Egypt
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591 BC
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Egyptian army defeats Kushite forces
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~ 590BC- ~ 350 AD
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Meroë is capital of Kush
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~ 400 BC
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Herodotus, the Greek historian, calls Egypt the "gift of the Nile"
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332BC-323BC
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Alexander the Great conquers Egypt; recognized as pharaoh of Egypt
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~ 300 BC
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Manetho compiles the list of rulers of Egypt, the "History of Egypt"
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51 BC-30 BC
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Cleopatra VII rules Egypt
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350 AD
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King Ezana from Axum invades and conquers Meroë
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~ 700 AD
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Cloth paper is introduced from Asia; papyrus declines in use
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